Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)

A highly stable, water-soluble vitamin with broad-spectrum clinical utility.

Mechanism of Action

Niacinamide is a precursor to the cofactors NAD+ and NADP+, which are essential in over 40 enzymatic reactions in the skin.

Barrier Function Repair

Upregulates the synthesis of ceramides (specifically ceramide 3), free fatty acids, and cholesterol in the stratum corneum, significantly reducing Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL).

Hyperpigmentation Management

Unlike tyrosinase inhibitors (like hydroquinone or Vitamin C), niacinamide does not stop melanin production. Instead, it prevents the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to surrounding keratinocytes.

Sebum Regulation & Acne

Clinical studies show 4% niacinamide is comparable to 1% clindamycin in treating moderate acne, likely due to its anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to reduce sebaceous lipid production.

Optimal Concentration

Clinical efficacy is established between 2% and 5%. The recent trend of 10-20% niacinamide serums significantly increases the risk of irritation without proving additional clinical benefit.